Prepare a water bath by placing a large roasting pan in the preheated oven and pour one kettle full of boiling water into the pan.
Add the room temperature cream cheese to a large bowl and beat with an electric hand mixer until fluffy. Then, add the granulated sugar and flour, and beat until smooth.
Scrape down the sides of the bowl. Mix in the sour cream and vanilla extract. Scrape down the sides of the bowl and add the eggs one at a time, beating until just combined.
Add the sugar cookie dough balls, then use a silicone spatula to gently fold them into the cheesecake filling.
Use a large ice cream scoop to transfer the filling to the cheesecake pan. Use a silicone spatula to smooth out the filling.
Place the filled cheesecake pan into the prepared water bath. Then, add one more kettle full of water so that the water comes about halfway up the side of the cheesecake pan. Bake for 1 hour and 15 minutes, until the edges are golden and the center has a slight jiggle. Without opening the oven door, turn the oven off and let the cheesecake remain in the oven for 45 minutes.
Remove the cheesecake from the oven and place it on a wire rack covered with a dish towel. Allow the pan to cool slightly, then carefully remove the aluminum foil. Allow the cheesecake to come to room temperature, then refrigerate uncovered for 4 hours or overnight for best results.